Born in Japan in 1988. He started his musical education at the age of 4 at the Yamaha Music School, at first as a pianist and later as a double bassist.
Takanari started playing the double bass in the wind orchestra at the age of 13 during his school days and played in various Ensembles with a great deal of passion, and when he was 17 he decided that he would become a professional musician. 

After a year of preparation, he passed the entrance exam at Aichi prefectural university of fine arts and music with Hideki Hoshi. After studying in Japan for two years, he moved to Vienna, Austria at the age of 19. He studied with Josef Niederhammer and Werner Fleischmann at the University of music and performing arts Vienna and at the Scuola di Musica di Fiesole as well as at the Accademia Stauffer with Alberto Bocini. While still a student, Koyama participated in the academy program of the ORF Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra as well as being an guest player in the Vienna Symphony. He also took part in masterclasses and private lessons with Jurek Dybał, Bogusław Furtok, Božo Paradžik, Dorin Marc, Wolfgang Güttler, Rinat Ibragimov and Sorin Orcinschi.

He has also collaborated as principal bass in the Swedish O/Modernt Chamber Orchestra, Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg, Beethoven Orchestra Bonn, Giessen State Theater Philharmonic Orchestra, Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, Orchestre Philharmonique de Luxembourg, Royal Northern Sinfonia and Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London.

Takanari Koyama won the First Prize at the Music Academy Competition for Strings in Vienna in 2013 and the Third Prize at the International Double Bass Competition in Wroclaw in 2014 and many of other national and international competitions.

As a soloist, Takanari has performed such as concertos of Bottesini, Koussevitzky, Dittersdorf, Sperger as well as Rococo variations of Tchaikovsky with the numerous orchestras in countries including Germany, Austria, France and in Russia. He has given masterclasses in Austria, in Germany, in Russia and in Japan.

Since 2013 he has been principal bass player of the Göttingen Symphony Orchestra, which won an Echo Klassik Award in Hamburg in 2017, as well as Takanari is a member of the les nouveaux barbes in Salzburg. In 2021, he founded TRIO KOYAMA with a violinist Marine Koyama and a violist Igor Tulchynsky, which he plays often on high c string on the top.

Since 2017 Takanari Koyama has been teaching at the Mozarteum University in Salzburg.